It is an essential element in living organisms, needed in the amino acids cysteine and methionine, and hence in many proteins. Yellow, nonmetallic element belonging to group 16 of the periodic table. Non-metallic element belonging to group 15 of the periodic table. First identified by Lavoisier in 1787 and first isolated in 1823 by Berzelius. It is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up 25.7% of it by weight. Metalloid element belonging to group 14 of the periodic table. Makes up 8.1% of the Earth's crust, by weight. There are many alloys of aluminum, as well as a good number of industrial uses. Highly reactive but protected by a thin transparent layer of the oxide which quickly forms in air. Silvery-white lustrous metallic element of group 3 of the periodic table. It also reacts with sulphur, nitrogen and the halogens. Chemically very reactive, it forms a protective oxide coating when exposed to air and burns with an intense white flame. It is essential for living organisms, and is used in a number of light alloys. Silvery metallic element belonging to group 2 of the periodic table (alkaline-earth metals). It was first isolated by Humphrey Davy in 1807. It is highly reactive, oxidizing in air and reacting violently with water, forcing it to be kept under oil. Soft silvery reactive element belonging to group 1 of the periodic table (alkali metals). Neon was discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsey and M.W. It has a distinct reddish glow when used in discharge tubes and neon based lamps. Neon occurs in the atmosphere, and comprises 0.0018% of the volume of the atmosphere. Fluorine was identified by Scheele in 1771 and first isolated by Moissan in 1886.Ĭolourless gaseous element of group 18 on the periodic table (noble gases). It is highly dangerous, causing severe chemical burns on contact with flesh. It is the most chemically reactive and electronegative element. It was discovered by Priestley in 1774.Ī poisonous pale yellow gaseous element belonging to group 17 of the periodic table (The halogens). It commonly comes in the form of Oxygen, but is found as Ozone in the upper atmosphere. It is used in high temperature welding, and in breathing. For industrial purposes, it is separated from liquid air by fractional distillation. It also makes up 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. It is the most abundant element present in the earth's crust. Rutherford.Ī colourless, odourless gaseous element belonging to group 16 of the periodic table. Chemically inactive, reactive generally only at high temperatures or in electrical discharges. Nitrogen for industrial purposes is acquired by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Constitutes ~78% of the atmosphere and is an essential part of the ecosystem. Carbon has the interesting chemical property of being able to bond with itself, and a wide variety of other elements.Ĭolourless, gaseous element which belongs to group 15 of the periodic table. Carbon occurs in all organic life and is the basis of organic chemistry. Carbon-14 is commonly used in radioactive dating. It has three allotropic forms of it, diamonds, graphite and fullerite. Thenard.Ĭarbon is a member of group 14 of the periodic table. It was discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by J.L. Boron-10 is used in nuclear reactor control rods and shields. The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a bad conductor in room temperatures. There are two allotropes, amorphous boron is a brown power, but metallic boron is black. Bussy in 1828.Īn element of group 13 of the periodic table. Is toxic and can cause severe lung diseases and dermatitis. Grey metallic element of group 2 of the periodic table. Lithium salts are used in psychomedicine. First member of group 1 of the periodic table. Discovered in the solar spectrum in 1868 by Lockyer. Lowest boiling point of all elements and can only be solidified under pressure. Belongs to group 18 of the periodic table. Discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1776.Ĭolourless, odourless gaseous nonmetallic element. Present in water and in all organic compounds. Lightest and most abundant element in the universe. Colourless, odourless gaseous chemical element.
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